Background: The urinary bladder plays a vital role in urine storage and controlled excretion. Pathologies affecting the bladder, including neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and obstructive conditions, can significantly impact patient health. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management. Computed tomography (CT), especially multidetector CT (MDCT) and CT urography, provides detailed visualization of the bladder and surrounding structures, offering both diagnostic and staging information.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of CT in detecting various urinary bladder pathologies and to assess the utility of advanced CT techniques in clinical decision-making.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology over six months (July 2024 – December 2024). A total of 100 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of bladder or lower urinary tract pathology were included. CT examinations were performed using a Siemens SOMATOM 16-slice MDCT scanner. Imaging findings, including intraluminal lesions, mural thickening, extravesical extension, calculi, and obstruction, were analyzed. Data were correlated with clinical presentations, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and significance of findings.

Results: Among 100 patients, 62 were male and 38 female, with a mean age of 52 ± 14 years. CT identified bladder pathologies in 78% of cases. Intraluminal lesions were observed in 44%, bladder wall thickening in 35%, extravesical extension in 12%, and urinary calculi in 21% of patients. CT urography demonstrated higher sensitivity (95%) in detecting intraluminal masses compared to non-contrast CT (78%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between hematuria and intraluminal lesions (p < 0.01), and between obstructive symptoms and extravesical extension (p < 0.05). CT imaging influenced clinical management in 67% of cases, guiding surgical or interventional planning.

Conclusion: CT, including MDCT and CT urography, is a reliable and effective modality for diagnosing urinary bladder pathologies. It enables detection of intraluminal, mural, and extravesical abnormalities, correlates well with clinical symptoms, and contributes significantly to patient management. Advanced CT techniques improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate early intervention, supporting optimal clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Urinary Bladder, Computed Tomography, CT Urography, Multidetector CT